The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian epic poem, regarded as one of the first surviving great works of literature, and the second oldest of religious texts. It recounts the saga of Gilgamesh, king of Uruk and his contest of strength against Enkidu- created by the gods to end Gelgameshs’ oppression of the people of Uruk.
The Epic of Gilgamesh translated by Stephen Langdon is one of the earliest and most significant works of literature from ancient Mesopotamia, first translated into English in 1917 by Langdon. The epic tells the story of Gilgamesh, the historical king of Uruk, and his quest for immortality. The narrative combines mythology, historical elements, and philosophical musings, and it has been central to the study of ancient texts due to its age, thematic depth, and influence.
The epic follows the adventures of Gilgamesh, a powerful and somewhat arrogant king who is two-thirds divine and one-third human. His rule over Uruk is oppressive, leading the people to pray to the gods for relief. In response, the gods create Enkidu, a wild man, to be Gilgamesh’s equal and companion. Enkidu is initially wild and untamed but is gradually civilized through encounters with humans, particularly a woman named Shamhat. After a battle between Gilgamesh and Enkidu, they become close friends.
Together, Gilgamesh and Enkidu embark on a series of adventures, including defeating the demon Humbaba, the guardian of the Cedar Forest, and slaying the Bull of Heaven sent by the goddess Ishtar. These actions anger the gods, and in response, they punish Enkidu with death. Enkidu’s death deeply affects Gilgamesh, prompting him to embark on a quest for immortality, determined to find the secret of eternal life.
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